| SectionⅠUse
of English
Directions：
Read the following text.
Choose the best word（s）for each
numbered blank and mark A, B,
C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1（10
points）
The human nose is an underrated
tool. Humans are often thought
to be insensitive smellers compared
with animals, 1 this is largely
because, 2 animals, we stand
upright. This means that our
noses are 3 to perceiving those
smells which float through the
air, 4 the majority of smells
which stick to surfaces. In
fact 5, we are extremely sensitive
to smells, 6 we do not generally
realize it. Our noses are capable
of 7 human smells even when
these are 8 to far below one
part in one million.
Strangely, some people find
that they can smell one type
of flower but not another, 9
others are sensitive to the
smells of both flowers. This
may be because some people do
not have the genes necessary
to generate 10 smell receptors
in the nose. These receptors
are the cells which sense smells
and send 11 to the brain. However,
it has been found that even
people insensitive to a certain
smell 12 can suddenly become
sensitive to it when 13 to it
often enough.
The explanation for insensitivity
to smell seems to be that brain
finds it 14 to keep all smell
receptors working all the time
but can 15 new receptors if
necessary. This may 16 explain
why we are not usually sensitive
to our own smells we simply
do not need to be. We are not
17 of the usual smell of our
own house but we 18 new smells
when we visit someone else's.
The brain finds it best to keep
smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar
and emergency signals 20 the
smell of smoke, which might
indicate the danger of fire.
1.[A]although [B]as [C]but [D]while
2.[A]above [B]unlike [C]excluding [D]besides
3.[A]limited [B]committed [C]dedicated [D]confined
4.[A]catching [B]ignoring [C]missing [D]tracking
5.[A]anyway [B]though [C]instead [D]therefore
6.[A]even if [B]if only [C]only
if [D]as if
7.[A]distinguishing [B]discovering [C]determining [D]detecting
8.[A]diluted [B]dissolved [C]determining [D]diffused
9.[A]when [B]since [C]for [D]whereas
10.[A]unusual[B]particular[C]unique[D]typical
11.[A]signs [B]stimuli [C]messages [D]impulses
12.[A]at first [B]at all [C]at
larg [D]at times
13.[A]subjected [B]left [C]drawn [D]exposed
14.[A]ineffective [B]incompetent [C]inefficient [D]insufficient
15.[A]introduce [B]summon [C]trigger [D]create
16.[A]still [B]also [C]otherwise [D]nevertheless
17.[A]sure [B]sick [C]aware [D]tired
18.[A]tolerate [B]repel [C]neglect [D]notice
19.[A]availabe [B]reliable [C]identifiable [D]suitable
20.[A]similar to [B]such
as [C]along with [D]aside from
SectionⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：
Read the following four texts.
Answer the questions below each
text by choosing A, B, C or
D. Mark your answers on ANSWER
SHEET 1（40 points）
Text 1
Everybody loves a fat pay
rise. Yet pleasure at your own
can vanish if you learn that
a colleague has been given a
bigger one. Indeed, if he has
a reputation for slacking, you
might even be outraged. Such
behaviour is regarded as“all
too human”, with the underlying
assumption that other animals
would not be capable of this
finely developed sense of grievance.
But a study by Sarah Brosnan
and Frans de Waal of Emory University
in Atlanta, Georgia, which has
just been published in Nature,
suggests that it all too monkey,
as well.
The researchers studied the
behaviour of female brown capuchin
monkeys. They look cute. They
are good-natured, co-operative
creatures, and they share their
food tardily. Above all, like
their female human counterparts,
they tend to pay much closer
attention to the value of“goods
and services”than males. Such
characteristics make them perfect
candidates for Dr. Brosnan's
and Dr. de waal's；study. The
researchers spent two years
teaching their monkeys to exchange
tokens for food. Normally, the
monkeys were happy enough to
exchange pieces of rock for
slices of cucumber. However,
when two monkeys were placed
in separate but adjoining chambers,
so that each could observe what
the other was getting in return
for its rock, their became markedly
different.
In the world of capuchins
grapes are luxury goods（and
much preferable to cucumbers）So
when one monkey was handed a
grape in exchange for her token,
the second was reluctant to
hand hers over for a mere piece
of cucumber. And if one received
a grape without having to provide
her token in exchange at all,
the other either tossed her
own token at the researcher
or out of the chamber, or refused
to；accept the slice of cucumber
Indeed, the mere presence of
a grape in the other chamber（without
an actual monkey to eat it）was
enough to reduce resentment
in a female capuchin.
The researches suggest that
capuchin monkeys, like humans,
are guided by social emotions,
in the wild, they are a co-operative,
groupliving species, Such co-operation
is likely to be stable only
when each animal feels it is
not being cheated. Feelings
of righteous indignation, it
seems, are not the preserve
of people alone, Refusing a
lesser reward completely makes
these feelings abundantly clear
to other members of the group.
However, whether such a sense
of fairness evolved independently
in capuchins and humans, or
whether it stems form the common
ancestor that the species had
35 million years ago, is, as
yet, an unanswered question.
21. In the opening paragraph,
the author introduces his topic
by
A. posing a contrast.
B. justifying an assumption.
C. making a comparison.
D. explaining a phenomenon.
22. The statement“it is all
too monkey”（Last line, paragraph
l）implies that
A. monkeys are also outraged
by slack rivals.
B. resenting unfairness is
also monkeys'nature.
C. monkeys, like humans,
tend to be jealous of each other.
D. no animals other than
monkeys can develop such emotions.
23.Female capuchin monkeys
were chosen for the research
most probably because they are
A. more inclined to weigh
what they get.
B. attentive to researchers'instructions.
C. nice in both appearance
and temperament.
D. more generous than their
male companions
24.Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de
Waal have eventually found in
their study that the monkeys
A. prefer grapes to cucumbers.
B. can be taught to exchange
things.
C. will not be co-operative
if feeling cheated.
D. are unhappy when separated
from others.
25. What can we infer from
the last paragraph？
A. Monkeys can be trained
to develop social emotions.
B. Human indignation evolved
from an uncertain source.
C. Animals usually show their
feelings openly as humans do.
D. Cooperation among monkeys
remains stable only in the wild.
Text 2
Do you remember all those
years when scientists argued
that smoking would kill us but
the doubters insisted that we
didn't know for sure？That the
evidence was inconclusive, the
science uncertain？That the antismoking
lobby was out to destroy our
way of life and the government
should stay out of the way？Lots
of Americans bought that nonsense,
and over three decades, some
10 million smokers went to early
graves.
There are upsetting parallels
today, as scientists in one
wave after another try to awaken
us to the growing threat of
global warming. The latest was
a panel from the National Academy
of Sciences, enlisted by the
White House, to tell us that
the Earth's atmosphere is definitely
warming and that the problem
is largely man-made. The clear
message is that we should get
moving to protect ourselves.
The president of the National
Academy, Bruce Alberts, added
this keypoint in te preface
to the panel's repor“Science
never h all the answers But
science does provide us with
the best available guide to
the future, and it is critical
that out nation and the world
base important policies on the
best judgments that science
can provide concerning the future
consequences of present actions.”
Just as on smoking voices
now come from many quarters
insisting that the science about
global warming is incomplete,
that it's Ok to keep pouring
fumes into the air until we
know for sure. this is a dangerous
game：by the 100 percent of the
evidence is in, it may be too
late. With the risks obvious
and growing, a prudent people
would take out an insurance
policy now.
Fortunately, the White House
is starting to pay attention.
But it's obvious that a majority
of the president's advisers
still don't take global warming
seriously. Instead of a plan
of action, they continue to
press for more research-a classic
case of“paralysis by analysis”.
To serve as responsible stewards
of the planet, we must press
forward on deeper atmospheric
and oceanic research But research
alone is inadequate. If the
Administration won't take the
legislative initiative, Congress
should help to begin fashioning
conservation measures A bill
by Democratic Senator Robert
Byrd of West Virginia, which
would offer financial incentives
for private industry is a promising
start Many see that the country
is getting ready to build lots
of new power plants to meet
our energy needs. If we are
ever going to protect the atmosphere,
it is crucial that those new
plants be environmentally sound.
26. An argument made by supporters
of smoking was that
A. there was no scientific
evidence of the correlation
between smoking and death.
B. the number of early deaths
of smokers in the past decades
was insignificant.
C. people had the freedom
to choose their own way of life.
D. antismoking people were
usually talking nonsense.
27. According to Bruce Alberts,
science can serve as
A. a protector.
B. a judge.
C. a critic.
D. a guide.
28. What does the author
mean by“paralysis by analysis”（Last
line, paragraph 4）
A. Endless studies kill action.
B. Careful investigation
reveals truth.
C. prudent planning hinders.
D. Extensive research helps
decision-making.
29. According to the author,
what should the Administration
do about
A. Offer aid to build cleaner
power plants.
B. Raise public awareness
of conservation.
C. Press for further scientific
research.
D. Take some legislative
measures.
30. The author associates
the issue of global warming
with that of smoking because
A. they both suffered from
the government's negligence.
B. a lesson from the latter
is applicable to the former.
C. the outcome of the latter
aggravates the former.
D. both of them have turned
from bad to worse.
Text 3
Of all the components of
a good night's sleep, dreams
seem to be least within our
control. In dreams, a window
opens into a world where logic
is suspended and dead people
speak. A century ago, Freud
formulated his revolutionary
theory that dreams were the
disguised shadows of our unconscious
desires and rears, by the late
1970s. neurologists had switched
to thinking of them as just“mental
noise”the random byproducts
of the neural-repair work that
goes on during sleep. Now researchers
suspect that dreams are part
of the mind's emotional thermostat,
regulating moods while the brain
is“off-line”And one leading
authority says that these intensely
powerful mental events can be
not only harnessed but actually
brought under conscious control,
to help us sleep and feel better,
“It's your dream”says Rosalind
Cartwright, chair of psychology
at Chicago's Medical Center.“If
you don't like it, change it.”
Evidence from brain imaging
supports this view. The brain
is as active during REM（rapid
eye movement）sleep-when most
vivid dreams occur-as it is
when fully awake, says Dr, Eric
Nofzinger at the University
of Pittsburgh. But not all parts
of the brain are equally involved,
the limbic system（the“emotional
brain”）is especially active,
while the prefrontal cortex（the
center of intellect and reasoning）is
relatively quiet.“We wake up
from dreams happy of depressed,
and those feelings can stay
with us all day”says Stanford
sleep researcher Dr, William
Dement.
And this process need not
be left to the unconscious.
Cartwright believes one can
exercise conscious control over
recurring bad dreams As soon
as you awaken, identify what
is upsetting about the dream.
Visualize how you would like
it to end instead, the next
time is occurs, try to wake
up just enough to control its
course. With much practice people
can learn to, literally, do
it in their sleep.
At the end of the day, there's
probably little reason to pay
attention to our dreams at all
unless they keep us from sleeping
of“we wake u in a panic, ”Cartwright
says Terrorism, economic uncertainties
and general feelings of insecurity
have increased people's anxiety.
Those suffering from persistent
nightmares should seek help
from a therapist For the rest
of us, the brain has its ways
of working through bad feelings.
Sleep-or rather dream-on it
and you'll feel better in the
morning.
31. Researchers have come
to believe that dreams
A. can be modified in their
courses.
B. are susceptible to emotional
changes.
C. reflect our innermost
desires and fears.
D. are a random outcome of
neural repairs.
32. By referring to the limbic
system, the author intends to
show
A. its function in our dreams.
B. the mechanism of REM sleep.
C. the relation of dreams
to emotions.
D. its difference from the
prefrontal cortex.
33. The negative feelings
generated during the day tend
to
A. aggravate in our unconscious
mind.
B. develop into happy dreams.
C. persist till the time
we fall asleep.
D. show up in dreams early
at night.
34.Cartwright seems to suggest
that
A. waking up in time is essential
to the ridding of bad dreams.
B. visualizing bad dreams
helps bring them under con troll.
C. dreams should be left
to their natural progression.
D. dreaming may not entirely
belong to the unconscious.
35.
What advice might Cartwright
give to those who sometimes
have had dreams?
A.
lead your life as usual.
B.
Seek professional help.
C.
Exercise conscious control.
D.
Avoid anxiety in the daytime.
Text
4
American
no longer expect public figures,
whether in speech or in writing,
to command the English language
with skill and gift. Nor do
they aspire to such command
themselves. In his latest book,
Doing Our Own Thing. The Degradation
of language and Music and why
we should like, care, John McWhorter,
a linguist and controversialist
of mixed liberal and conservative
views, sees the triumph of 1960s
counter-culture as responsible
for the decline of formal English.
But
the cult of the authentic and
the personal, “doing our own
thing”, has spelt the death
of formal speech, writing, poetry
and music. While even the modestly
educated sought an elevated
tone when they put pen to paper
before the 1960s, even the most
well regarded writing since
then has sought to capture spoken
English on the page. Equally,
in poetry, the highly personal,
performative genre is the only
form that could claim real liveliness.
In both oral and written English,
talking is triumphing over speaking,
spontaneity over craft.
Illustrated
with an entertaining array of
examples from both high and
low culture, the trend that
Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable.
But it is less clear, to take
the question of his subtitle,
why we should, like care. As
a linguist, he acknowledges
that all varieties of human
language, including non-standard
ones like Black English, can
be powerfully expressive-there
exists no language or dialect
in the world that cannot convey
complex ideas He is not arguing,
as many do, that we can no longer
think straight because we do
not talk proper.
Russians
have a deep love for their own
language and carry large chunks
of memorized poetry in their
heads, while Italian politicians
tend to elaborate speech that
would seem old-fashioned to
most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter
acknowledges that formal language
is not strictly necessary, and
proposes no radical education
reforms-he is really grieving
over the loss of something beautiful
more than useful. We now take
our English “on paper plates
instead of china”. A shame,
perhaps, but probably an inevitable
one.
36.
According to Mc Whorter, the
decline of formal English
A.
is inevitable in radical education
reforms.
B.
is but all too natural in language
development.
C.
has caused the controversy over
the counter-culture.
D.
brought about changes in public
attitudes in the 1960s.
37.
The word “talking” （Linge6,
paragraph3） denotes
A.
modesty.
B.
personality.
C.
liveliness.
D.
informality.
38.
To which of the following statements
would Mc Whorter most likely
agree?
A.
Logical thinking is not necessarily
related to the way we talk.
B.
Black English can be more expressive
than standard English.
C.
Non-standard varieties of human
language are just as entertaining.
D.
Of all the varieties, standard
English Can best convey complex
ideas.
39.
The description of Russians'
love of memorizing poetry shows
the author's
A.
interest in their language.
B.
appreciation of their efforts.
C.
admiration for their memory.
D.
contempt for their old-fashionedness.
40.
According to the last paragraph,
“paper plates” is to “china”
as
A.
“temporary” is to “permanent”.
B.
“radical” is to “conservative”.
C.
“functional” is to “artistic”.
D.
“humble” is to “noble”.
Part
B
Directions：
In
the following text, some sentences
have removed. For Questions
41-45, choose the most suitable
one from the list A-G to fit
into of the numbered blank there
are two extra choices, which
do not fit in any of the gaps.
Mark your answers on
ANSWER
SHEET1. （10 points）
Canada's
premiers （the leaders of provincial
governments）, if they have any
breath left after complaining
about Ottawa at their late July
annual meeting, might spare
a moment to do something, to
reduce health-care costs.
They're
all groaning about soaring health
budgets, the fastest-growing
component of which are pharmaceutical
costs.
What
to do? Both the Romanow commission
and the Kirby committee on health
care-to say nothing of reports
from other experts recommended
the creation of a national drug
agency. Instead of each province
having its own list of approved
drugs , bureaucracy, procedures
and limited bargaining power,
all would pool resources , work
with Ottawa, and create a national
institution.
But
“national” doesn't have to mean
that. “National” could mean
interprovincial-provinces combining
efforts to create one body.
Either
way, one benefit of a “national”
organization would be to negotiate
better prices, if possible,
with drug manufacturers. Instead
of having one province-or a
series of hospitals within a
province-negotiate a price for
a given drug on the provincial
list, the national agency would
negotiate on behalf of all provinces.
Rather
than, say, Quebec, negotiating
on behalf of seven million people,
the national agency would negotiate
on behalf 31 million people.
Basic economics suggests the
greater the potential consumers,
the higher the likelihood of
a better price.
A
small step has been taken in
the direction of a national
agency with the creation of
the Canadian Co-ordinating Office
for Health Technology Assessment,
funded by Ottawa and the provinces.
Under it, a Common Drug Review
recommends to provincial lists
which new drugs should be included,
predictably and regrettably
Quebec refused to join.
A
few premiers are suspicious
of any federal-provincial deal-making.
They （particularly Quebec and
Alberta） just want Ottawa to
fork over additional billions
with few, if any, strings attached.
That's one reason why the idea
of a nationalist hasn't gone
anywhere while drug costs keep
rising fast.
Premiers
love to quote Mr. Romanow's
report selectively, especially
the parts about more federal
money perhaps they should read
what he had to say a bout drugs.
“A
national drug agency would provide
governments more influence on
pharmaceutical companies in
order to constrain the ever-increasing
cost of drugs.”
So
when the premiers gather in
Niagara Falls to assemble their
usual complaint list, they should
also get cracking about something
in their jurisdiction that would
help their budgets and patients.
A.
Quebec's resistance to a national
agency is provincialist ideology.
One of thrst advocates for national
list was a researcher at Laval
University. Quebec's Drug Insurance
Fund has seen its costs skyrocket
with annual increases from 14.3
per cent to 26.8 per cent！
B.
Or they could read Mr. Kirby's
report：“the substantial buying
power of such an agency would
strengthen the public prescription-drug
insurance plans to negotiate
the lowest possible purchase
prices from drug companies”
C.
What does “national” mean? Roy
Romanow and Senator Michael
Kirby recommended a federal-provincial
body much like the recently
created National Health Council.
D.
The problem is simple and stark：
health-care costs have been,
are, and will continue to increase
faster than government revenues.
E.
According to the Canadian Institute
for Health Information. prescription
drug costs have risen since
1997 at twice the rate of overall
health-care spending. Part of
the increase comes from drugs
being used to replace other
kinds of treatments part of
it arises from new drugs costing
more than older kinds. Part
of it is higher prices.
F.
So, if the provinces want to
run the health-care show, they
should prove they can run it,
starting with an interprovincial
health list that would end duplication,
save administrative costs, prevent
one province from being played
off against another, and bargain
for better drug prices.
G.
Of course the pharmaceutical
companies will scream. They
like divided buyers, they can
lobby better that way. They
can use the threat of removing
jobs from one province to another.
They can hope that, if one province
includes a drug on its, list
the pressure will cause others
to include it on theirs. They
wouldn't like a national agency
agency, but self-interest would
lead them to deal with it.
Part
C
Directions：
Read
the following text carefully
and then translate the underlined
segments into Chinese. Your
translation should be written
clearly on ANSWER SHEET2. （10points）
It
is not easy to talk about the
role of the mass media in this
overwhelmingly significant phase
in European history. History
and news become confused, and
one's impressions tend to be
a mixture of skepticism and
optimism. （46）Television
is one of the means by which
these feelings are created and
conveyed-and perhaps never before
has it served to much to connect
different peoples and nations
as is the recent events in Europe
.The Europe that is now forming
cannot be anything other than
its peoples, their cultures
and national identities. With
this in mind we can begin to
analyze the European television
scene. （47） In Europe, as
elsewhere multi-media groups
have been increasingly successful
groups which bring together
television, radio newspapers,
magazines and publishing houses
that work in relation to one
another.One Italian example
would be the Berlusconi group
while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch
come to mind.
Clearly,
only the biggest and most flexible
television companies are going
to be able to compete complete
in such a rich and hotly-contested
market. （48） This alone demonstrates
that the television business
is not an easy world to survive
in a fact underlined by statistics
that show that out of eighty
European television networks
no less than 50% took a loss
in 1989.
Moreover,
the integration of the European
community will oblige television
companies to cooperate more
closely in terms of both production
and distribution.
（49）
Creating a “European identity”
that respects the different
cultures and traditions which
go to make up the connecting
fabric of the Old continent
is no easy task and demands
a strategic choice - that
of producing programs in Europe
for Europe. This entails reducing
our dependence on the North
American market, whose programs
relate to experiences and cultural
traditions which are different
from our own.
In
order to achieve these objectives,
we must concentrate more on
co-productions, the exchange
of news, documentary services
and training. This also involves
the agreements between European
countries for the creation of
a European bank will handle
the finances necessary for production
costs. （50） In dealing with
a challenge on such a scale,
it is no exaggeration to say
“Unity we stand, divided we
fall” -and if I had to choose
a slogan it would be “Unity
in our diversity.” A unity of
objectives that nonetheless
respect the varied peculiarities
of each country.'
SectionⅢWriting
Part
A
51.
Directions：
Two
months ago you got a job as
an editor for the magazine Designs
& fashions. But now you
find that the word is not what
you expected. You decide to
quit. Write a letter to your
boss, Mr. Wang, telling him
your decision stating your reason（s）,
and making an apology.
Write
your letter with no less than
100 words. Write it neatly on
ANSWER SHEET2. Do not sign your
own name at the end of the letter,
use “Li Ming” instead. You do
not need to write the address.
（10 points）
Part
B
52.
Directions：
Write
an essay of 160-200 words based
on the following drawing. In
your essay , you should first
describe the drawing the interpret
its meaning, and give your comment
on it.
You
should write neatly on ANSWER
SHEET2. （20 points）
Section I Use
of English
1.c 2.b 3.a 4.c 5.b
6.a 7.d 8.a 9.d 10.b
11.c 12.a 13.d 14.c 15.d
16.b 17.c 18.d 19.a 20b
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
21c 22.b 23.a 24.c 25.b
26.c 27.d 28.a 29.d 30.b
31.a 32.c 33.d 34.d 35.a
36.b 37.d 38.a 39.b 40.c
Part B
41.e 42.c 43.g 44.f 45.b
Part C
46.电视是引发和传递这些感受的手段之一——在欧洲近来发生的事件中，它把不同的民族和国家连到一起，其作用之大，前所未有。
47.在欧洲，像在其他地方一样，传媒集团越来越成功：这些集团将相关的电视、广播、报纸、杂志和出版社组合在一起。
48.这一点就足以证明，要在电视行业里生存下来并非易事。统计数字尤其说明了这一事实，在80个欧洲电视网中，多达一半在1989年亏损。
49.不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织成一体，要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事，需要人们做出战略性的选择。
50.在应对如此规模的挑战时，可以毫不夸张地说：“联合，我们就生存；分裂，我们就灭亡”。
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